Phonetics --> 2nd Lecture

Phonetics

There are 44 sounds that are divided into 24 consonants and 20 vowels:

1) Consonants

1)Stops = plosives = explosives
Sound	Place of articulation	Manner of articulation	Voicing
/ b / / p / / d / / t / / g / / k /	Bilabial Bilabial Alveolar Alveolar Velar Velar	plosive plosive plosive plosive plosive plosive	Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless
2)Fricatives
Sound	Place of articulation	Manner of articulation	Voicing
/ f / / v / /q/ /d/ / ò / / 3 / / s / / z / / h /	Labio-dental Labio-dental Dental Dental Palato-alveolar Palato-alveolar Alveolar Alveolar Glottal	Fricative Fricative Fricative Fricative Fricative Fricative Fricative Fricative Fricative	Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless
3)Lateral
Sound	Place of articulation	Manner of articulation	Voicing
/I/	Alveolar	Lateral	Voiced

4)Nasals
Sound	Place of articulation	Manner of articulation	Voicing
/m/ /n/ /η/	Bilabial Alveolar Velar	Nasal Nasal Nasal	Voiced Voiced Voiced
5)Affricates
Sound	Place of articulation	Manner of articulation	Voicing
/tò/ /d3/	Palato–alveolar Palato–alveolar	Affricate Affricate	Voiceless Voiced
6)Glides
Sound	Place of articulation	Manner of articulation	Voicing
/r/ /j/ /w/	Alveolar Palatal Bilabial/velar	Frictionless continuant / glide Semi-vowel / glide Semi-vowel /glide	Voiced Voiced Voiced

2) Vowels

     -/i:/ ® feet / seat / eat / meat

           /fi:t /  /si:t /  /i:t /   /mi:t/

     - / I/ ®sit / pit / fit

       /sIt /  /pIt / /fIt/

     -/e/ ®pet / set

          /pet/  /set/

     - /æ/®fat /cat / bat / mat

          /fæt/ /kæt/ /bæt/ /mæt/

     -/3:/ ®bird / third / work / word

           /b3:rd/ /q3:rd/ /w3:rk//w3:rd/

     - /¶/ ® affect :  /¶fekt/

     - /^/ ®luck / suck / duck / but

           /l^k/  /s^k/   /d^k/     /b^t/

     - /u:/®too / move

           /tu:/  /mu:v/

     - /È/ ®book / look / foot

          /bÈk/  /lÈk/  /fÈt/  

     - /É:/ ®horse / course

            /hÉ:rs/  /kÉ:rs/

     - /D/ ®got / shot / stop / top /

          /gDt/  /òDt/  /stDp/ /tDp/

     -/a:/®farm / hard / sharp

          /fa:rm/ /ha:rd/  /òa:rp/

      -/¶ È/=/ou/  : go/gou/ – loan/loun/ – own/oun/ .

      - /I¶/  as in ''here" /hI¶r/ - near/nI¶r/

      -/e¶/  as in "tear" /te¶r/ - hair/he¶r/  

      -/ȶ/  as in "tour" /tȶr/ - poor /pȶr/ 

      -/aÈ/  as in "foul" /faÈl/

     - house /haÈs/ -/aI/  as in "mile" /maIl/

     - kite/kaIt/-/eI/ as in  ''fate"  / feIt/ - male /meIl/  

     -/ÉI/  as in "foil"  /fÉIl/  - oil /ÉIl/ 

      

Sum up

English Phonemes

I–Consonants:

-/p/ as in "people" / "pen" -/t/ as in "tie" / "ten" -/g/ as in "good"  / " God" -/v/ as in "vanity" / "van" -/I/ as in "love"   /  " look" -/m/ as in "man" / " moon" -/j/ as in "year" / "yield" -/z/ as in "zone"  / " zoo" -/ò/ as in "share"  / " shop" -/d/ as in "they"  / " though" -/w/ as in "want"  / " wet" -/3/ as in "beige"   / "casual" -/η/ as in "going"  / " ring"

-/b/ as in "beer"  / "bin" -/d/ as in "deer"   / " dirty" -/f/ as in "fear"  / " fan" -/h/ as in "hear"  / " hot" -/r/ as in "rear"   / " run" -/n/ as in "near"  / " nine" -/s/ as in "case"  / " set" -/k/ as in "cat"  / " kin" -/tò/ as in "chance"  / " church" -/q/ as in "throne"  /  " thought" -/d3/ as in "edge"  / " age"

II–Vowels:

-/i:/ as in "feel"  / "seat" -/I/ as in "fill"  / " sit" -/e/ as in "fell"  / " net" -/É:/ as in "fall"  / "bought" -/È/ as in "full"  / " put" -/u:/ as in "fool"   / "cool" -/eI/ as in "fail"   / "lake" -/¶È/ as in "hope"   / " know" -/aÈ/ as in "foul"  / " mouse" -/æ/ as in "cat"   / " rat"

-/D/ as in "dot"   / " dog" -/^/ as in "cut"  / " nut" -/3:/ as in "dirt"  / "third" -/a:/ as in "cart"  / " farm" -/I¶/ as in "tier" /  "near" -/e¶/ as in "hair"  / " mare" -/ȶ/ as in "tour"  / " poor" -/¶/ as in "sister"  / "above" -/aI/ as in "mile"   / " night" -/ÉI/ as in "foil"  / " soil"

  

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